ࡱ> >@=%` bjbj"x"x8$@@ (pppp|||8,-2(000E-G-G-G-G-G-G-$/h`2k-]]]k-pp00h-]p800E-]E-*+0 q|{+)--0-+h3h34+,h3,Z@64jk-k--]]]]  pppppp NANOSECOND PULSED ELECTRIC FIELDS AFFECT THE GROWTH OF PLANTS AND FUNGI B. Flickinger, Th. Berghfer, C. Eing and W. Frey Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany M. Pacher, H. Puchta Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Botanical Institute II, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany Plants1 and fungi have been treated with pulsed electric fields to examine the effects of nanosecond pulses on their development. Therefore spores of the basidiomycete Hypsizygus ulmaris (elm oyster mushroom) as well as 7 day old seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana were exposed to field strengths of 5- 50kV/cm. The rectangular voltage pulses were generated by a transmission line pulse generator and delivered to a standard electroporation cuvette (electrode distance: 4mm) containing the immersed spores or seedlings. The pulse duration (10 ns, 25 ns and 100 ns) and the number of pulses (10 -100) were adapted for a certain specific energy delivery to the load. Typical specific energies used for the treatments were in the range of 100 J/kg up to 10 kJ/kg. After electric field treatment, 100 l of the treated spore suspension was used to inoculate an agar plate and incubated for 12 days at 25C in the dark. For plant treatment, 10 seedlings have been transferred to an agar plate and cultivated for 11 days in a growth chamber. The development of the mycelium was documented daily. Images of the seedlings were acquired every second day. The mycelium area and the leaf area have been determined by the program ImageJ2. The most distinct effects on seedling and mycelium growth were observed for a treatment energy of 100 J/kg (5 kV/cm, 100 ns, 100 pulses). For these parameters, the seedlings showed a leaf area increase of up to a factor of 2 compared to the control, whereas the mycelium covered area was 2.75 times larger. It is assumed, that growth stimulation is a stress response of the organism against nsPEF exposure. This response might be triggered by a calcium release from porated internal stores, caused by the nsPEF-treatment. 1. C. J. Eing, S. Bonnet, M. Pacher, H. Puchta and W. Frey, Effects of nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field Exposure on Arabidopsis thaliana, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics an Electrical Insulation Vol. 16, No.5 2. W. S. Rasband, ImageJ, U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/, 1997-2008     PAGE 2 PAGE 3 )-GHIz{  5 g h n o z  " 9 D ƻ{unueueu_uVLueh9h96OJh9h9OJ h(OJh9hOJ h'=|H*OJ hOJh hKmOJ\aJh9OJaJh96OJ]aJhDF6OJ]aJhs26OJ]aJh\ 6OJ]aJh?h?OJaJhs2OJaJh hj5OJ\aJh hKm5OJ\aJhx5OJ\aJhw5OJ\aJHI{ 5 N g h EFG}i&#$+D4/gd'=|Yi&#$+D4/]Ygd `i&#$+D4/gdYi&#$+D4/]Ygd9$Yi&#$+D4/]Ya$gd\ $Yi&#$+D4/]Ya$gd= [D N [ o p ) * + D p r d e Ȼȣsdh ]hRSOJaJmH sH h&OJaJmH sH hOJaJmH sH hRSOJaJmH sH h:OJaJmH sH hRShRSOJaJmH sH h9h9OJ hYrOJ h(6OJ h bqOJ hRSOJ h-4OJ h:OJ h6OJh9h6OJh9hOJ hOJ$     , H I \ ^ g h x y 568kl莂ysylc]cThhOJ hdOJhh9OJ hYrH*OJ hVOJh%P-h%P-OJh ]OJaJmH sH h ]h ]OJaJmH sH hh%P-OJaJmH sH  hOJ h&OJhhOJhhOJaJmH sH hOJaJmH sH h bqOJaJmH sH h-4OJaJmH sH h%P-OJaJmH sH lm #3>DEFGIK%-HgʀzznbYUhhjOJ\aJh hjOJ\aJh'=|hjOJ\aJ h'=|OJh'=|hP#OJ\aJh'=|h'=|OJh'=|h'=|OJ\]h'=|h'=|OJ\aJh'=|6OJ\aJh'=|OJ\aJhP#OJ\aJhP#hP#OJ\aJhxOJ\aJh `OJ\aJ hOJhhOJhh!OJ$hh&`#$]h`ha$ $&`#$a$Yi&#$+D4/]Ygd0Yi&#$+D4/]Ygd= [hKmhKm0JmHnHu hKm0JjhKm0JUh jh U h hjYi&#$+D4/]Ygd0 $hh]h`ha$&`#$6 0 0&P1Q/ =!8"#$%R ^@^ Standard$1$4$7$8$a$ KHOJ_HaJmH nHsH tHl@l  berschrift 1$d$4$@&G$$5B*CJKHOJPJQJaJphJA@J Absatz-Standardschriftart\i@\ Normale Tabelle :V 44 la 0k0 Keine Liste : @: Fuzeile 8!G$<)@< Seitenzahl5CJOJQJp^@p Standard (Web)"$dd1$4$7$8$[$\$a$CJKHOJPJQJ^J6U@!6 Hyperlink >*B*phHV@1H BesuchterHyperlink >*B* ph<@B< Kopfzeile 8!G$S@R Textkrper-Einzug 3!$@ h1$4$H$^@ `ha$!B*KHOJPJQJaJphtH :&a: FunotenzeichenH*Z@rZ  Funotentext$1$4$7$8$a$KHOJPJaJtH @'@ KommentarzeichenCJaJ::  KommentartextaJNON Text<4$7$8$`KHOJPJaJtH >j> :Kommentarthema5\PP :SprechblasentextCJOJQJ^JaJ  $HI{5NghEFG 000000@0000000000000000@0X00@0X00@0X00@0X00@0@0@0@0@0@0@0X0000HI{5NghEG 000000@000000000000000 '''*D l   !#*!!t    ,2$WZ "7CP [@H 0(   0( .DTH0 B S  ? 9SL9S>k 9SE 9S=%7\ [:U;P#Q%9m)%P-0s2J5o5@DF= [o[[ ]ua%c ej bq4Tsw'=|v-RSdPaYr `,Km ( k_)-4K?!VQxO C-B|c.MY&9Nh @0.  P@Unknown Gz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z Arial;|i0Batang9  GulimtSGalliardITCbyBT-Roman5& zaTahoma?5 z Courier New;Wingdings!1 h++sLRSRS!"!%),.:;?]}  2 3 ! 0 0 0000 =]([\{  0 0 0000;[8Kd  2qHP? 2 Abstract Submittal Form !ICOPS2004 Abstract Submittal Form+R.J. Commisso, P.F. Ottinger, S.B.Swanekamp Flickinger4         Oh+'0(4H \h    Abstract Submittal Form $ICOPS2004 Abstract Submittal Form,R.J. Commisso, P.F. Ottinger, S.B.Swanekamp Normal.dot Flickinger2Microsoft Office Word@ek@0q@0qRS՜.+,0 hp  Naval Research Laboratory '  Abstract Submittal Form Titel  !"#$%&'()*+,./012346789:;<?Root Entry FòqA1Table3WordDocument8$SummaryInformation(-DocumentSummaryInformation85CompObjq  FMicrosoft Office Word-Dokument MSWordDocWord.Document.89q